Wikipedia
Collection
2 items • Updated • 1
Datasets:
id stringlengths 1 6 | title stringlengths 2 254 | timestamp stringdate 2005-06-28 15:42:20 2025-11-01 10:01:48 | text stringlengths 95 1.49M |
|---|---|---|---|
1 | Main Page | 2024-09-24T11:59:34Z | # Main Page
Featured books •
Wikijunior •
Cookbook •
Browse books •
Help •
Forum •
Using Wikibooks
Welcome to Wikibooks,
the open-content textbooks collection that anyone can edit.
books with pages.
Computing
Engineering
Humanities
Languages
Mathematics
Miscellaneous
Recreational activities
Science
Social sc... |
5 | Organic Chemistry/Cover | 2022-05-19T14:04:40Z | # Organic Chemistry/Cover
Welcome to the world's foremost open contentOrganic Chemistry Textbookon the web!
Organic chemistry is primarily devoted to the unique properties of the carbon atom and its compounds. These compounds play a critical role in biology and ecology, Earth sciences and geology, physics, industry, m... |
7 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry | 2010-09-02T06:08:27Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry
The purpose of this section is to review topics from freshman chemistry and build the foundation for further studies in organic chemistry.
History of organic chemistry
Atomic structure
Electronegativity
Bonding
Electron dot structures
Visualization
Re... |
9 | Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions | 2022-07-20T02:59:32Z | # Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions
Image:Go To Organic Chemistry Contents .png > Introduction to reactions
----
Image:Go To Organic Chemistry Contents .png > Introduction to reactions
----
Polar and radical reactions
Redox reactions
Carbocations
Hydroboration/oxidation
Free-radical halogenation
Rearrange... |
10 | Organic Chemistry/Alkenes | 2023-03-25T11:24:27Z | # Organic Chemistry/Alkenes
>
Alkenes are aliphatic hydrocarbons containing carbon-carbon double bonds and general formula CnH2n.
=Naming Alkenes=
Alkenes are named as if they were alkanes, but the "-ane" suffix is changed to "-ene". If the alkene contains only one double bond and that double bond is terminal (the dou... |
12 | Organic Chemistry/Chirality | 2025-07-03T09:19:44Z | # Organic Chemistry/Chirality
Chirality (pronounced kie-RAL-it-tee) is the property of handedness. If you attempt to superimpose your right hand on top of your left, the two do not match up in the sense that your right hand's thumb overlays your left hand's pinky finger. Your two hands cannot be superimposed identical... |
13 | Organic Chemistry/Dienes | 2011-09-16T01:04:21Z | # Organic Chemistry/Dienes
Organic chemistry > Dienes
>
In alkene chemistry, we demonstrated that allylic carbon could maintain a cation charge because the double bond could de-localize to support the charge. What of having two double bonds separated by a single bond? What of having a compound that alternates between... |
17 | Organic Chemistry/External links | 2021-08-25T11:44:34Z | # Organic Chemistry/External links
Organic chemistry > Links to other online organic textbooks
----
=Resources=
=Other online textbooks=
(unfortunately, much of the information is in PDF documents instead of HTML).
basic introduction to the field of combinatorial chemistry
(same PDF dilemma as above).
a real nice ... |
21 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/History of organic chemistry | 2022-09-22T23:13:55Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/History of organic chemistry
Atomic Structure >
----
, a physician by trade, first coined the term "organic chemistry" in 1806 for the study of compounds derived from biological sources. Up through the early 19th century, naturalists and scientists observe... |
41 | Computer Programming/Authors | 2009-06-22T17:31:43Z | # Computer Programming/Authors
"You always need someone to blame."
The WikiCommunity
Martin Krischik (Contributions)
Josh Ferguson
Brian Mitchell
Gregory Pietsch
LittleDan for the XHTML tutorial
Kevin Whitefoot the more obscure parts of Programming:Visual Basic Classic |
47 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure | 2025-04-10T09:01:53Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure
----
Atoms are made up of a nucleus and electrons that orbit the nucleus. The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. An atom in its natural, uncharged state has the same number of electrons as protons.
The nucleus is made up of protons,... |
53 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Bonding | 2022-04-28T20:18:25Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Bonding
----
thumb|right|The Sodium Chloride Crystal Structure. Each atom has six nearest neighbors, with octahedral geometry. This arrangement is known as c close packed (ccp). Light blue = Na+ Dark green = Cl-
Ionic bonding is when positively and negativ... |
54 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Resonance | 2023-11-22T08:17:20Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Resonance
>
----
Resonance refers to structures that are not easily represented by a single electron dot structure but that are intermediates between two or more drawn structures.
Resonance is easily misunderstood in part because of the way certain chemist... |
55 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acids and bases | 2022-04-28T20:22:15Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Acids and bases
>
----
The first and earliest definition of acids and bases was proposed in the 1800s by Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius, who said that an acid was anything that dissolved in water to yield H+ ions (like stomach acid HCl, hydrochloric ac... |
56 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Electron dot structures | 2012-12-17T22:25:22Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Electron dot structures
>
----
On WP:
Electron dot structures, also called Lewis structures, give a representation of the valence electrons surrounding an atom.
Each valence electron is represented by one dot, thus, a lone atom of hydrogen would be drawn ... |
57 | Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Overview of addition, elimination, substitution and rearrangement reactions | 2007-09-07T18:34:50Z | # Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Overview of addition, elimination, substitution and rearrangement reactions
>
----
The real heart of organic chemistry is the reactions. Everything that you study is geared to prepare you for organic syntheses and other chemical transformations performed in the lab. This c... |
58 | Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Polar and radical reactions | 2018-06-11T18:35:37Z | # Organic Chemistry/Introduction to reactions/Polar and radical reactions
>
----
Two bonded atoms can come apart from each other in one of two ways. Either
each atom gets away with half of the shared electrons, or
one of the atoms leaves with more of the shared electrons than the other.
In homolytic cleavage, ea... |
64 | Organic Chemistry/Introduction to functional groups | 2010-09-28T15:56:57Z | # Organic Chemistry/Introduction to functional groups
../Overview of Functional Groups/
../Alcohols/
../Phenols/
../Ethers/
../Epoxides/
../Ketones and aldehydes/
../Carboxylic Acids/
../Carboxylic acid derivatives/
----
> | Alkenes >> |
69 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/History of organic chemistry/Vital force theory | 2007-09-07T18:35:20Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/History of organic chemistry/Vital force theory
>
----
Long ago, people observed the differences between compounds that were derived from living things and those that were not. There seemed to be an impassable gap between the properties of the two groups.... |
72 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Nucleus and electrons | 2008-03-30T00:33:14Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Nucleus and electrons
>
----
Atoms are made up of a nucleus and electrons that orbit the nucleus. An atom in its natural, uncharged state has the same number of electrons as protons. If it gains or loses electrons, the atom is then referr... |
73 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Shells and orbitals | 2016-07-23T10:12:25Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Shells and orbitals
>
----
Electrons orbit atoms in clouds of distinct shapes and sizes. The electron clouds are layered one inside the other into units called shells (think nested Russian dolls), with the electrons occupying the smallest... |
74 | Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Filling electron shells | 2009-09-24T00:07:18Z | # Organic Chemistry/Foundational concepts of organic chemistry/Atomic structure/Filling electron shells
>
----
When an atom or ion receives electrons into its orbitals, the orbitals and shells fill up in a particular manner.
There are three principles that govern this process: 1) the Aufbau (build-up) principle, 2) t... |
75 | Cell Biology | 2024-04-02T18:53:18Z | # Cell Biology
__NOTOC__
Glossary and Guide
Glossary Alphabetically
Glossary By Lesson
How to edit this book
Introduction
Introduction to Cell Biology
What is living?
What is a cell?
Size of cells
The Great Ancestor
Cells Under Microscopes
Chemical elements necessary for life
Types of cells
Prokaryotes
Bac... |
76 | Modern Physics | 2024-12-09T17:07:39Z | # Modern Physics
__NOTOC__
Introduction
Note For Contributors
Page List
/Annus Mirabilis of Albert Einstein/
Waves
General Mechanics
Special Relativity
General Relativity
/Gravity/
Quantum Mechanics
Electrodynamics
Quantum Optics
Thermodynamics
Statistical Mechanics
Solid State Physics
Condensed Matter Physics
Nu... |
82 | Linear Algebra | 2024-09-24T11:14:14Z | # Linear Algebra
__NOTOC__
This book discusses proof-based linear algebra. The book was designed specifically for students who have not previously been exposed to mathematics as mathematicians view it: that is, as a subject whose goal is to rigorously prove theorems starting from clear consistent definitions. This boo... |
119 | Calculus/Introduction | 2021-07-16T11:15:30Z | # Calculus/Introduction
Calculus is the broad area of mathematics dealing with such topics as instantaneous rates of change, areas under curves, and sequences and series. Underlying all of these topics is the concept of a limit, which consists of analyzing the behavior of a function at points ever closer to a particul... |
122 | Calculus/Functions | 2025-08-05T03:00:42Z | # Calculus/Functions
Functions are everywhere, from a simple correlation between distance and time to complex heat waves. This chapter focuses on the fundamentals of functions: the definition, basic concepts, and other defining aspects. It is very concept-heavy, and expect a lot of reading and understanding. However, ... |
123 | Waves/Vectors | 2021-04-04T16:13:03Z | # Waves/Vectors
Figure 1: Displacement vectors in a plane.
Vector \mbox{A} represents the displacement of George from Mary, while vector \mbox{B} represents the displacement of Paul from George. Vector \mbox{C} represents the displacement of Paul from Mary and \mbox{C} = \mbox{A} + \mbox{B}. The quantities A_x, A_y, ... |
150 | Waves/Reflection and Refraction | 2018-07-15T14:02:09Z | # Waves/Reflection and Refraction
Most of what we need to know about geometrical optics can be summarized in two rules, the laws of reflection and refraction. These rules may both be inferred by considering what happens when a plane wave segment impinges on a flat surface. If the surface is polished metal, the wave is... |
End of preview. Expand in Data Studio
README.md exists but content is empty.
- Downloads last month
- 60